How Did the Age of Enlightenment Influence Western Civilization

Huck Finn American Literature The reason for this article was to talk about the current discussion over Mark Twain’s book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The discussion is about whether or not the book is suitable for understudies to peruse and find out about. The inquiry is currently being introduced and appealed to upon the Board of Education by a gathering of guardians and understudies in the Francis Howell school region. The gathering has numerous defenses for why Twain’s book ought to be expelled from the educational plan and even the school’s library. One explanation was the numerous racial slurs utilized in the book to allude to Jim and every single African American all in all. A case of this in the book was Huck telling about how individuals of color would all come to hear Jim’s witch story (Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Page 6). The slurs are utilized over and again and could undoubtedly have been managed without. A subsequent explanation is the tobacco utilization of Huck Finn. The youthful character in the book is known for smoking his funnel. A few Parents dread this may urge understudies to smoke. A third explanation is Huck Finn’s awful way of life. Huck plays hooky, utilizes foul language, gets associated with a posse, and he is known for being in a tough situation (Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Part 2). Numerous guardians f igure this may incite understudies to attempt to live like Huck does. A fourth explanation is the depiction of Huck Finn’s father in the story. He is a terrible dad and an outrageous heavy drinker and he beat Huck(Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Page 24). Numerous guardians figure understudies may grow up speculation this negative conduct is worthy child rearing convention. Talking from a young point of view, these allegations appear to be low and absurd. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an incredible Novel and an instrumental educator in American Literature. Twain’s book precisely delineates the more liberal timespan of the day. The racial innuendoes utilized in the book are in no way, shape or form adequate. It is the conviction of numerous that these words were anyway not utilized on the grounds of belittling the African American race, however that it was only the manner in which individuals talked during that age.

The Creative and Powerful Brand Positioning of an Audi Advertisement Essay Example

The Creative and Powerful Brand Positioning of an Audi Advertisement: Essay The customer vehicle industry is continually overflowing with rivalry. Vehicles are an interesting shopper great, in that, individuals build up a solid connection to their vehicles. All things considered, it resembles living in a home away from home when one is going in one’s vehicle. Therefore, vehicle producers tap into profound established mental snares and weaknesses to dazzle their image picture on clients. We can observer in all vehicle commercials how advertisers attempt to take advantage of a vehicle user’s brain science to make brand value. The equivalent is valid for the advertisement picked for this article. It is a 30 second Audi business available at . This article will contend that the advertisement is splendid in origination, ideal in its various media articulation and conveys an incredible message to the crowd. The promotion runs for a negligible 30 seconds however it incorporates layers of importance and meanings. Utilizing four vehicle keys as the main props, the advertisement shows or deciphers the significance of the logo of Audi. The four between bolted circles that structure a chain is Audi’s logo and it is suggestive fairly the Olympic Games logo. Nowadays, advertisers don't hope to determine the specialized qualities of a vehicle, however rather utilize alluring subtitles and pictures to make a vibe decent reaction from the potential client. This perception can be stretched out to the Audi promotion, for in its short time range, it doesn't address center details. Rather it discusses summed up recognitions and famous impressions of Audi and its rivals. We will compose a custom paper test on The Creative and Powerful Brand Positioning of an Audi Advertisement: explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Creative and Powerful Brand Positioning of an Audi Advertisement: explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Creative and Powerful Brand Positioning of an Audi Advertisement: explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer What the promotion ably accomplishes is to change over the logo into a seal. Lexically, a logo is a realistic representation of a company’s name or brand. It need not represent a more profound significance. Then again, an image resembles a charm. It incorporates or speaks to a lot of qualities and ethics. In this sense, the promotion prevails with regards to displaying the logo of the Audi as an image. At whatever point individuals run over the logo later on, these additional implications to it will ring a bell for the crowd. By partner solid thoughts behind the omnipresent logo of the brand, a solid connection between visual recognition and passionate review of the image is accomplished. The way to effective promoting is to take advantage of and control the enthusiastic reaction of the crowd. In such manner, the Audi advertisement is very remarkable. Another keen component of the advertisement is the means by which it assaults a few contending brands in a single quick stroke. In as meager a period as 30 seconds, significant contenders to Audi, including Mercedes, BMW, and so forth are painted as insufficient. Every one of these significant brands are demonstrated to be one dimensional. For instance, one is equal with ‘safety’, the other is likened to ‘comfort’, one more with ‘sportiness’ and the fourth with ‘design’. Notwithstanding, in the event that a purchaser needs every one of these highlights packaged into their vehicle, at that point Audi is the best approach, the promotion recommends. This is splendid thought from the makers of the promotion. Utilizing an insignificant of entertainers, props or costs, the advertisement offers a major expression. On the off chance that great ad is tied in with having most extreme effect with least use of assets, at that point the Audi pro motion qualifies as a standout model. The advertisement is an amazing case of making the most of consistently. Nowadays, vehicle producers are endeavoring to discover always captivating or breathtaking sprucing up for new models as the opposition is exceptionally extraordinary. Consistently should be made the most of to and there is no opportunity to be squandered. The key here is to make the message intriguing while additionally being useful. The advertisement in conversation is acceptable on these tallies. The promotion fits impeccably with the more extensive advertising reasoning received by Audi. The organization has been a pioneer in investigating showcasing specialties in rising media. From multiple points of view its multi-pronged promoting methodology target crowds through TV and Internet. Actually, the extravagance vehicle brand was a pioneer in making video advertisement battles on web associated TVs in the UK. Its crusades, which are taken care of by WPP media organization and MediaCom, had made accessible â€Å"an Audi channel through associated TVs, with content like that on the Audi.tv website.† (â€Å"Audi Blazes Trail in,† 2011, p. 3) Such an incorporated showcasing approach is normal of Audi’s promoting society, which is continually attempting to distinguish novel approaches to dispatch vehicles. The advertisement being talked about is comparative in soul and impact to that of its A7 Sportback model crusade. The last effective crusade was inscribed à ¢â‚¬ËœImagination meets Engineering’. It would not be strange to adjust a similar subtitle to the picked advertisement also. The most ideal approach to measure the adequacy of these advertisements is by taking a gander at the incomes and piece of the overall industry they’ve assisted with developing. In the UK, for instance, thanks in enormous to these effective advertisement battles, new enrollments for Q1 2011 rose by 4.9%. In like manner, the piece of the pie excessively rose by 5.9%. (â€Å"Audi Blazes Trail in,† 2011, p. 3) Subsequently, the Audi promotion is splendid in origination, ideal in its various media articulation and conveys an incredible message to the crowd. It fulfills this evaluation through a few measures. To start with, however the advertisement runs for just 30 seconds it packs layers of significance and imageries. In like manner, the advertisement can change over the logo into an image. It likewise cunningly assaults a few other contending brands inside the brief term. Additionally, the advertisement is a phenomenal outline of making the most of consistently. What's more, at last, the advertisement is reliable with the more extensive promoting vision of the organization. Works Cited â€Å"Audi Blazes Trail in UK Internet-TV Advertising.† Marketing 20 Apr. 2011: 3. What Do You Want in a Car? Audi Commercial. Web. 8 February. 2014.

Activities of Investment Banking Essay Example for Free

Exercises of Investment Banking Essay The Investment bank is the money related establishment which helps the legislatures, organizations and the people in raising the capital by acting or guaranteeing as the specialist of the customer in issuance of protections. The speculation bank can likewise help the organizations which are associated with acquisitions and mergers, and offer auxiliary administrations like the exchanging of the subordinates, showcase making, outside trades, instruments of the fixed salary, value protections and wares. Not at all like the retail banks and business banks, the venture banks dont take the stores. There are normally two principle diverts during the time spent venture banking. Exchanging the money for protections like market making, encouraging exchanges or for money or for the advancement of the protections like research, guaranteeing is known as the sell side, while connect with the common assets, speculative stock investments, annuity assets and venture open includes the purchase side. Different organizations have sell and purchase side parts. What are the primary exercises of the speculation banking? The speculation banking is commonly part into back office, center office and front office exercises. While the large help speculation banks give all the channels of the business both purchase side and sell side. The little sell side venture organizations like as the little merchant vendors and the boutique speculation banks center around the exchanging/deals/research and venture banking individually. The Investment banks likewise offer types of assistance to both the speculators purchasing protections and the partnerships giving protections. For the companies, the speculation banking give data on how and when to put the protections on the open market, this movement is particularly critical to the notoriety of any venture bank. In this manner, the venture investors assume a key job in giving the new contributions of the protections. Different exercises of the speculation banking: Aside from the fundamental exercises, there are some extra exercises, wherein the procedure of venture banking is included. These are: †¢ Global exchange banking: This part is the division of speculation banking which offers guardianship administrations, money the board, security business and loaning administrations to different foundations. Mutual funds with Prime financier is particularly a hazardous just as productive business. †¢ Merchant banking: This procedure is otherwise called the individual banking. The trader banks give capitals in return to the offer proprietorships and furthermore give data on system and the executives. The term dealer banking is additionally used to characterize the private value some portion of any organization. †¢ Investment the board: This administration offers proficient administration of a few protections like bonds, shares and of different resources like land to meet with specific objectives of venture for the benefit of the financial specialists. These financial specialists can be foundations like annuity reserves, insurance agencies, enterprises and a lot more or the private speculators. †¢ The venture the board division of a speculation bank is commonly partitioned into discrete gatherings, regularly known as Private Wealth Management and Private Client Services. †¢ Merchant banking is likewise a name used to depict the private value side of a firm.Merchant Banking: Past and Present Current models incorporate Defoe Fournier Cie. what's more, JPMorgans One Equity Partners and the first J.P. Morgan Co. Rothschilds, Barings, Warburgs and Morgans were all dealer banks. (Initially, dealer bank was the British English expression for a venture bank.) Reference: http://classof1.com/schoolwork help/fund schoolwork help/

St. Louis and Adolf Hitler - Free Essay Example

Throughout the 1920s, Adolf Hitler began to consolidate power and gain popularity in Germany’s Bavarian region. Due to economic instability caused by the Great Depression, Hitler and supporters in the Nazi party were able to seize control of Germany. Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 and immediately began enacting laws to support his ideas on the superiority of the Aryan race. In 1933 Dachau concentration camp opened for political prisoners, really anyone who opposed Hitler and the Third Reich. In 1935, Hitler announced the Nuremberg laws, which excluded German Jews from citizenship and from intermarriage with German â€Å"Purebloods†. As restrictions increased, Jews attempted to escape to other countries. In 1939, 937 Jewish refugees boarded the St. Louis in an attempt to emigrate to the United States, but were turned away at the border. The Third Reich tragically used this refusal to support their Anti-Semitic laws, saying it proved the inferiority of the Jewish race. Although many of these refugees were eventually accepted into other nations, about 656, perished in the concentration camps which were designed for that purpose. Although the Allied forces eventually triumphed and liberated the camps, including Buchenwald, many millions had already sadly lost their lives, and individuals as well as governments were forced to reckon with the decis ions they made in turning away refugees or not getting involved sooner. Adolf Hitler began his political career when he joined the German workers Party , this experienced paved the way for him to create National , Socialists, German workers(Nazi), and also the Nazi Party in 1920 . Hitler becomes chancellor in 1933, Changing its name to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers’ party), which was abbreviated to Nazi. On 24 March 1933, the Reichstag passed an ‘Enabling law’, which gave the Nazi party the power to make laws without parliamentary approval. The Nazis acted quickly with beginning a campaign of violence and terror against Communists and other opponents. Their campaign also involved banning opposition newspapers, leaflets and meetings.The Nazis’ campaign also involved anti-communist and anti semitic propaganda, using the radio, newspapers, leaflets, rallies and all other methods that they could. Once Paul Von Hindenburg died , Adolf Hitler becomes dictator of Germany under the title of fuhrer (leader) . For Adolf Hitler, the goal of a legally established dictatorship was now within reach. On March 15, 1933, a cabinet meeting was held during which Hitler and Gà ¶ring discussed how to obstruct what was left of the democratic process to get an Enabling Act passed by the Reichstag. This law would hand over the constitutional functions of the Reichstag to Hitler, including the power to make laws, control the budget and approve treaties with foreign governments. But the economic views of the party were overshadowed by the Nazis’ fervent nationalism, which blamed Jews, communists, the Treaty of Versailles and Germany’s horrible democratic government for the country’s devastated economy. The German Workers Party now featured Hitler as the main attraction at its meetings. In his speeches Hitler railed against the Treaty of Versailles and delivered anti-Semitic tirades, blaming the Jews for Germanys problems. Attendance slowly increased, numb ering in the hundreds. Hitler’s plans to re-arm Germany were also popular. By recruiting a large army and building a whole new navy and air force, he would be able to reduce unemployment. With so many people out of work, this was an appealing prospect. Germany’s economy was in such a poor state that Hitler’s promise of strong government and stability was widely supported and not least by industrialists. By attacking Jews in the world of business, Hitler appealed to their non-Jewish rivals. Adolf Hitler announced the Nuremberg Laws on September 15, 1935.The Nuremberg Race Laws were of two pieces of legislation: the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor. The Reich Citizenship Law striped jews of their German citizenship and introduced them to separation and designating Jews as subjects. During the Nazi era, German authorities reintroduced the Jewish badge as a key element in their plan to persecute and eventually to destroy the Jewish population. They used the badge not only to classify and humiliate Jews but also to segregate them and to watch and control their movements. The badge also easier for deportation.The antisemitism was very important to the Nazi party because the Nazi party ordered anti-jewish economic boycotts, book burnings, and made the law discriminatory anti-jewish legislation. In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws defined Jews by â€Å"blood† and ordered the total separation of so-called Aryans and non-Aryan s,† thereby legalizing a racist hierarchy. When Nazi officials started the Jewish badge on June 22, 1941 , they did so in an orderly manner, as a intro to deporting Jews to ghettos and killing centers in German-occupied eastern Europe.. A variety of badges were worn in different regions during the short time between the German invasion and the mass killing of Jews throughout the Soviet Union. The Nazis established more than 400 ghettos in order to isolate Jews from the non-Jewish population and from neighboring Jewish communities. The Germans started this to control and segregate the Jews in a orderly manner, they also enforced this to stop the Jews, viewed by the Nazis as an inferior race, from mixing with and the superior Aryan race. The Final solution was the final and last plan for the Nazi? to eliminate and push the Jewish population during world war 2. It was done through a series of stages , first the star of david , the ghettos, then the concentration camps. After the Jewish community realized that the Nazis were aiming to wipe out their people, they made plans to leave Nazi occupied areas when they boarded the St. Louis. In May 1939, the German liner St. Louis sailed from Hamburg, Germany, to Havana, Cuba, carrying 937 passengers, almost all Jewish refugees.After the St. Louis arrived in Havana, the passengers learned that the Cuban government had canceled their landing permits .Like the United States and the Americans in general, Cuba struggled with the Great Depression. Many Cubans resented the relatively large number of refugees (including 2,500 Jews), whom the government had already admitted into the country, because they appeared to be competitors for scarce jobs. Cuba, U.S, and Canada all denied entry to the passengers . Gustav Schroeder , the captain of the ship , tried to find homes for these people but because of their immigration policies he failed . Even though many Jews emigrated to Germany in the past years, the jews who re mained had a more difficult time leaving because the immigration policies everywhere were strict which resulted in limited opportunities for these refugees. The immigration Act 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed into the U.S through a quota. The St. Louis was headed for Cuba, but for most of the Jews aboard, their main destination was the United States. Most of the passengers had applied for US visas, and were planning to move from Cuba to the US once a visa became available for them. Immigration policies were shaped by fears of communist infiltrators and Nazi spies. The Nazis did not try to stop the Jews from fleeing because they knew the U.S was aware of how they were being treated and they would come by the thousands. Among the treaties, the 1919 Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war. Germany became liable for the cost of massive material damages. Germany lost 13 percent of its territory, including 10 percent of its population. The most humiliating part of the treaty for defeated Germany was Article 231, known as the War Guilt Clause. This clause forced the German nation to accept complete responsibility for starting World War I Which meant, all that power and wealth was given to Germany’s enemies, who got stronger. The Treaty restricted the Germans’ armed forces to only 100,000 men in the army, no submarines or aeroplanes, and only six battleships. Which resulted compulsory enlistment (soldiers had to be volunteers). The idea was to reduce Germany’s armed forces to a size where they could never endanger the countries roundabout. After WW1 unemployment was a major feature of the German economy. The Wall Street Crash during the autumn of 1929 had terrible consequences. Between 1929 and 1933, high unemployment led to severe poverty in Germany.As economies were linked together, the rest of the world suffered too.The Great Depression affected all capitalist economies in the world. American banks immediately withdrew the loans they had made to Germany. Businesses closed, unemployment rose and inflation was rampant. German money had so little value, that it might take a wheelbarrow full of money just to buy a few groceries ! During the 1920s, the German economy had been supported by loans from American banks. After the Wall Street Crash, the Americans wanted their money back and called in the loans. America gave Germany just 90 days to start repayment. Germany could not pay. As in America, German businesses failed. In conclusion, Anti-semitism is still alive in Germany today. According to USA Today news ,In 2016, Germany recorded 1,468 anti-Semitic incidents, an increase feld University in western Germany, 62% of Jewish respondents said they experience anti-Semitism in their everyday lives, while 28% said they were victims of verbal attacks or harassment in the past year. previous years that has put Germanys Jewish community on edge, According to a recent survey by the Bielef. A couple of generations after the Holocaust resulted in the murder of over 6 million jews , which is the greatest genocide in human history that still affect us today . The anti-Semitic sentiment has become more pubic and virulent, said Tanaev, 32. When I arrived in Germany I never saw such displays. Tanaev explains that how he feels threatened and under attack at times in Germany . When telecommunications manager Mikhail Tanaev emigrated to Germany in 1998 from his native Russia as a teen, his Jewish faith didnt mat ter to classmates or neighbors.

Barclays Ethical Issues Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The Barclays risk management framework helps the bank come up with activities, tools, arrangements and techniques that can be used to single out manage and monitor real and potential risks that arise due to the changes. The bank is also involved in the managing human rights risks through its environmental and social risk procedures and also be integrating issues concerning human rights in its business decision-making. Transform Program This is as strategic program rolled out in 2013 to act as a vehicle for the banks strategy to reshape the bank in order to generate sustainable revenue and at the same time meet the needs of all its stakeholders. The three phase strategy is aimed at transforming the operations of the bank and gives it a face that is more appealing to the normal person. Summary of the overall ethical policies and CSR actions of Barclays Ethical policies Barclays principles have been based on honesty, integrity and plain-dealing. The bank has been working on rebuilding the trust of its customers, its clients and stakeholders. Butler (2010) says that is important for business to have regular review of its strategies and policies as a way of ensuring the business does not loss contact with the reality in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Barclays Ethical Issues or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The Transform program from Barclays has the ultimate goal to make Barclays the partner of choice for all its stakeholders, or what the bank refers to ‘Go-To’ bank. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Barclays has been supporting the needs of its clients and the communities whey it has its operations. The Citizenship Plan which was launched in June 2012 has eve loving and developing set of commitments which the bank targets to deliver by the end of this year. Citizenship Plan is made up of three commitments which include: The way the bank does business Contributing to growth Supporting the local communities Analysis of the overall ethical policies and CSR actions of Barclays Ethical policies Barclays bank has a new purpose which is to â€Å"help people achieve their ambitions – in the right way†. The purpose is supported by the following core value: †¢ Respect: respect and value colleagues, and the their contribution to the bank †¢ Integrity: act ethically, fairly, and openly in operations. †¢ Service: put our clients and customers at the centre of operations. †¢ Excellence: utilize skills, energy and available resources to deliver the best results. †¢ Stewardship: passionate about leaving things better than found. Corporate responsibility (CSR) Citizenship plan The bank is implemented Citizenship plan alongside other decision-making tools in order to facilitate its move beyond legal, compliance and regulatory concerns, to put into consideration broader social impacts and opportunities.

Essay about The War on Terrorism and the US Propaganda...

The War on Terrorism and the US Propaganda Machine nbsp; Totalitarian regimes control their people by bludgeoning and incarcerating them. Critics of Western societies claim that democratic governments maintain approval for their actions through the manufacture of consent, a cryptic and insidious form of propaganda. nbsp; How?, you ask skeptically. By framing the debate, the theory says. By setting up a debate between two opposing acceptable views--one slightly left of government policy, and the other slightly right--the media can marginalize the radicals and legitimize the party line. Thus the debate surrounding the war in Vietnam was a debate of the hawks (If we keep fighting we can win) vs. the doves (Its too†¦show more content†¦In US news, a couple of simple statistics were buried deep in articles, but virtually no one realized that if the trucks didnt get in before winter hit (which is a lot earlier in mountainous Afghanistan than in balmy NJ), several hundred thousand--if not several million--civilians were sure to die. The more extensive UK coverage accounts for the fact that the Guardian (a major British newspaper) has got five times as many hits from Americans surfing the web since September 11th. nbsp; It certainly does appear that the mainstream US media is framing the debate on the war. First, the media is supporting the war effort virtually unanimously, often zealously: Well do whatever is our patriotic duty--News Corp exec Rupert Murdoch; the U.S. should bomb the Afghan infrastructure to rubble--the airport, the power plants, their water facilities, and the roads--Fox News Channels Bill OReilly); America roused to a righteous anger has always been a force for good. States that have been supporting if not Osama bin Laden, people like him need to feel pain. If we flatten part of Damascus or Tehran or whatever it takes, that is part of the solution--Rich Lowry, National Review editor. Second, they are marginalizing contrasting views, as seen by CNN Chair Walter Isaacsons comment that it seems perverse to focus too much on the casualties or hardship in Afghanistan. Third, media dissentShow MoreRelatedThis paper scrutinizes the use of propaganda and the consequential effects during the Iraq War. 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Shoe and Puma free essay sample

Puma is a major German multinational company that produces athletic and casual footwear, as well as sportswear, headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany. The company was formed in 1924 as Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory) by Adolf and Rudolf Dassler. PUMA has establishes a history of making fast product designs for the fastest athletes on the planet. PUMA offers performance and sport-inspired lifestyle products in categories such as Football, Running, Training and Fitness, Golf and Motorsports globally. It engages in exciting collaborations with renowned design brands such as Alexander McQueen and Mihara Yasuhiro to bring innovative and fast designs to the sports world. The PUMA Group owns the brands PUMA, Cobra Golf, Tretorn, Dobotex and Brandon. The company distributes its products in more than 120 countries, employs more than 10,000 people worldwide. The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities, Adidas and Puma. Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. Following the split from his brother, Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda, but later changed to Puma. In 1952, Rudolf Dassler successfully develops a football boot with screw-in studs, in collaboration with experts, such as Sepp Herberger. The launch of the â€Å"SUPER ATOM,† the world’s first screw-in boot marks the beginning of a long-term and highly successful relationship between PUMA and football. With more in-depth research, PUMA kept creating various new types of shoes and also sponsored numerous world class sportsmen like Pele, Eusebio, Johan Cruijff, Enzo Francescoli, Diego Maradona, Lothar Matthaus, Kenny Dalglish, Didier Deschamps, Robert Pires, Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Radamel Falcao, Sergio Aguero, Cesc Fabregas, Marco Reus, and Gianluigi Buffon. Puma is also the sponsor of the Jamaican track athlete Usain Bolt. In February 2007 Puma reported that its profits had fallen by 26% to â‚ ¬32. 8 million ($43 million; ? 22 million) during the final three months of 2006. Most of the decline in profits was due to higher costs linked to its expansion; sales rose by more than a third to â‚ ¬480. 6 million. In early April 2007 Pumas shares rose â‚ ¬29. 25 per share, or about 10. 2%, at â‚ ¬315. 24 per share. On 10 April 2007 French retailer and owner of Gucci brand Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR) announced that it had bought a 27% stake in Puma, clearing the way for a full takeover. The deal values Puma at â‚ ¬5. 3 billion. PPR said that it would launch a friendly takeover for Puma, worth â‚ ¬330 a share, once the acquisition of the smaller stake was completed. Since 17 July 2007 PPR owns 62. 1% of the Puma stock. While, PPR owns the majority of Puma’s stock, Puma still remains an independent company. UNDERSTANDING PUMA Puma is committed to working in ways that contribute to the world by supporting creativity, sustainability and peace and by staying true to the values of being Fair, Honest, Positive and Creative in decisions made and actions taken. PUMA Vision, a foundation for their activities is a concept intended to guide their work with its three core programs PUMA Creative, PUMA Safe and PUMA Peace. PUMA Safe comprises their initiatives for environmental protection and improves working conditions that have been in place for many years now. They will be complemented by new programs, which focus on implementing cleaner, safer and more sustainable systems and processes within the supply chain. Some of the major steps PUMA has taken to become sustainable are the Bring back bin and the clever little packaging. The bring back bin basically takes in any of your old clothes and shoes and PUMA recycles the raw materials from them such that they are putting back the materials in the right place. Now, they are only borrowing from the environment instead of stealing from it. Their other initiative, the clever little packaging, is all about getting rid of the shoebox such that they reduce the use of cardboard boxes, which in turn reduce the number of trees cut. They have replaced the box with a cloth bag. PUMA Peace supports the global day of ceasefire and September 21 every year through its initiative â€Å"One Day One Goal†, which aims at getting people to play football with the idea that the power of sports will unite people in peace. Another example for the work of PUMA Peace is the creation of PUMA Dance Dictionary, which is based upon the concept that even before the language barriers came about people used to communicate using body language and focuses on reconnecting with that idea. Creativity being the core competence of the brand, PUMA Creative aims at bringing together artists and different organizations for a mutual creative exchange and offering them an international platform. PUMA believes in getting in touch with the environment and taking inspiration from it. They have launched a whole campaign around it making a huge range of products that make it either easier to brave the nature or perform like the most superior animal in their constricted environment. For example, Puma mobium, shoes made for adaptive running, are based upon the concept of expansion and contraction, taking inspiration from puma and other large cats to understanding the way their muscles move and provide natural cushioning while running to combine with, interpret and create the same comfort for humans. PRODUCTS Puma manufactures a variety of products ranging from hats/caps, bags, trainers, jackets, sweats, hoods, flipflops, sandals, ballerinas(women), polos,shirts, shorts, tanks, pants, denims, socks, innerwear, wallets, bets, perfumes, sunglasses, mobile accesories, football shoes, sneakers, gloves, scarves, water bottle, tablet cases, casual shoes, range of products for Ferrari, Mercedes, Mini and BMW etc. They also have cricket products like batting gloves, batting pads, wicket keeping pads, wicket keeping gloves, shoes, bats, balls etc. All of their shoes have the patent form strip trademark. The company is also known for the suede basketball shoe it introduced in 1968, which eventually bore the name of New York Knicks basketball star Walt Clyde Frazier, and for its endorsement partnership with Joe Namath to mention a few. MENS Casual Boots Running shoes Motorsport shoes men Flip flops Casual shoes Sports Performance shoes Polos Shirts Tees Sweatshirts and sweaters Shorts and 3/4ths Tracks and sweatpants Pants and denims Jackets Small accesories Belts Gloves Backpacks Bags Hats WOMEN Casual shoes Running shoes Ballerinas Flipflops Trackpants 3/4ths and shorts Tanks and Tees Sweatshiirts and sweaters Pants and denims Polos and Tees Swimwear Jackets KIDS Girl’s apparel Girls’s shoes Boy’s apparel Cricket equipment Boy’s shoes TARGETTING AND MARKET RESEARCH PUMA’s target audience consists any person from within the age group of 8-60 yrs , belonging from atleast a middle class family who have a minimum average income of 50,000 75,00 Rs/- per month . Puma’s consumers want to buy their products because they are looking for sports or lifestyle product that are stylish but still cost efficient. They buy its products because they can be used along with a wide range of other products and in numerous different environments without looking out of place but still having an impact. They trust Puma because they would have never been disappointed as they get comfort along with style and everytime they look out for a new product they find it on PUMA’s shelves. The target audience also has easy access to our products via numerous shopping options like stores, factory outlets, online shopping with home delivery on PUMA’s websites as well as other online shopping portals. PUMA’S UNIQUE SELLING PROPOSITION PUMA, actually questioned what actually could become the alternative in the sporting goods market? Each and every sports manufacturing company is trying to offer the consumers the latest technology and comfort, so how was PUMA different? What would make it stand out. The answer was simple, each and every person wants to look beautiful. Hence, Puma is mixing sport lifestyle and fashion in a unique way. They always try to reinterpret sport in an innovative fashionable way, and when they do fashion they are always trying to bring their sports heritage into the fashion world. Obviously they dont define sport in a traditional way anymore. To them sport is living an active lifestyle, whether you are a businessman, active traveler or a marathon runner, its a different kind of interpretation of sport today. Its a much broader definition than what it used to be its not about traditional categories anymore, its about living an active lifestyle. PUMA had an opportunity to use the small size of the company as a competitive advantage and establish themselves as the alternative to the established fashion players. They aimed at selling more fashionable sports and lifestyle products at a cheaper price and better quality as compared to its contemporaries.